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i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

Current Issue Vol. 19 Issue 1

A Comparative Thermodynamic Analysis of Organic Rankine Cycles (ORC) and Kalina Cycle for Low-Grade Energy Resources
Exergy Efficiency and Exergy Destruction Assessment of Heat Transfer and Fluid Flow through Spiral Passages using Source-Sink Model
Innovative Approach: Empowering Contextual Consulting in Industry 4.0 through a Hybrid Data Analytics Framework
Study of Corrosion and its Preventive Measures
Green Hydrogen Feasibility in Oman

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Volume 12 Issue 4 May - July 2017

Article

Autonomous Vehicles: Safety, Sustainability, and Fuel Efficiency

Faheem Ahmed Malik*

School of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Great Britain.

Malik,F.A. (2017). Autonomous Vehicles: Safety, Sustainability, and Fuel Efficiency. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology,12(4),1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13625

Abstract

In the early 20 century, people shifted from horse drawn vehicles to motorized vehicles. In the mid 21 century, we will be changing to Autonomous Vehicles (AV). There are certain perceptions about the safety, fuel efficiency, and the sustainability of autonomous vehicles. To justify huge investment that is required for the same and the required behavior driver change, sustainability and fuel efficiency are to be evaluated. This article looks at these challenges that Autonomous vehicles are facing and it is essential to evaluate them properly. It is also essential to evaluate the benefits of AVs in terms of these challenges. In this present world of Information and Communication Technology (ICT), any development in the developed countries has direct impact on the developing countries, even the opinions of the people. AVs present a lot of challenges and opportunities for developing countries such as India.

References

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[2]. Carsten, O. (2015). Presentation on Automated Driving. Australian International Driverless Vehicle Conference.

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[4]. Department for Transport (2016b). Reported road casualties in Great Britain: Main results 2015. Published June 2016.(Accessed 19/11/16).

[5]. Department for Transport, (2016c). Pathway to Driverless Cars: Proposals to support advanced driver assistance systems and automated vehicle technologies.

[6]. Department for Transport, (2015a). The Pathway to Driverless Cars: A Code of Practice for testing.

[7]. Department for Transport, (2015b). The Pathway to Driverless Cars: A detailed review of regulations for automated vehicle technologies.

[8]. Fagnant, D. J., & Kockelman, K. (2015). Preparing a nation for autonomous vehicles: Opportunities, barriers and policy recommendations. Transportation Research Part A: Policy and Practice, 77, 167-181.

[9]. Keating, L. (2015). The Driverless Car Debate: How Safe are Autonomous Vehicles? TechTimes, 28.

[10]. Kyriakidis, M., Happee, R. & de Winter, J. C. (2015). Public opinion on automated driving: Results of an international questionnaire among 5000 respondents. Transportation Research Part F: Traffic Psychology and Behaviour, 32, 127-140.

[11] . Litma n, T. (2016) . Autonomous Vehicle Implementation Predictions Implications for Transport Planning, Victoria Transport Policy Institute.

[12]. Mersky, A. C. & Samaras, C. (2016). Fuel economy testing of autonomous vehicles. Transportation Research Part C: Emerging Technologies, 65, 31-48.

[13]. Miller, S. A. & Heard, B. R. (2016). The Environmental Impact of Autonomous Vehicles Depends on Adoption Patterns. Environmental Science and Technology, 50(12), 6119.

[14]. Morrow III, W. R., Greenblatt, J. B., Sturges, A., Saxena, S., Gopal, A., Millstein, D. & Gilmore, E. A. (2014). Key factors influencing autonomous vehicles' energy and environmental outcome. In Road Vehicle Automation, (pp. 127-135). Springer International Publishing.

[15]. Sanaullah, I., Hussain, A., Chaudhry, A., Case, K. & Enoch, M. (2017). Autonomous Vehicles in Developing Countries: A Case Study on User's View Point in Pakistan. In Advances in Human Aspects of Transportation (pp. 561- 569). Springer International Publishing

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Article

Tools and Techniques for Conceptual Design in Virtual Reality Environment

Sandeep Gandotra* , Harish Pungotra**

* Research Scholar, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

Gandotra,S., and Pungotra,H. (2017). Tools and Techniques for Conceptual Design in Virtual Reality Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13627

Abstract

Conventional Computer-Aided Design (CCAD) systems assist the creation, modification, analysis, and optimization of a detailed design. Designer requires extensive geometric modeling and engineering analysis to enhance designer productivity, quality of design, design documentation, and to create manufacturing database. However, these highly precise and sophisticated software tools cannot help in conceptual design phase because the artistic activities involved during the detailed design phase are less formulaic during conceptual designing. In the initial phase of product design, the specifications cannot be thoroughly recognized and recommended. The designer needs to modify product specifications to study the product behavior regarding different design attributes like shape, strength, surface roughness, ergonomics, and many other aspects. Hence, the industrial designers continue to explore new tools, which can provide the designer more freedom to modify product design artistically and technically. Virtual Reality (VR) and haptics technology provide the opportunity to collaborate the artistic phase of design with the conceptual design phase. The visualization of the model with material properties will be easy to interpret. The collision detection can automatically report the geometric contact when it occurs or about to occur. The physics-based modeling will help to measure the deformation during the collision. In the present paper, the authors have presented effective and efficient tools for the conceptual design in virtual reality environment.

References

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Research Paper

Intercomparison of Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Frequency Analysis

N. Vivekanandan*

Scientist-B, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vivekanadan,N. (2017). Intercomparison of Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Frequency Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13628

Abstract

Quantitative information on the low-flows regime of a stream is of utmost importance while making decisions on varied water resources management issues. The paper details a study on estimation of low-flows using 2-parameter Log- Normal (LN2) and Weibull (WB2) distributions for river Periyar at Neeleswaram site. The maximum likelihood method is used for determination of parameters of the distributions. Goodness-of-Fit (GoF) tests, viz., Chi-square and Kolmogorov- Smirnov are used for checking the adequacy of fitting of LN2 and WB2 distributions to the series of annual minimum d-day average flows for different durations of 'd', such as 7-, 10-, 14-, and 30-days. Model Performance Indicators, viz., correlation coefficient and root mean square error is used to evaluate the performance of the probability distributions adopted in frequency analysis of low-flows with a specific objective to identify the best suitable distribution amongst LN2 and WB2 studied for estimation of low-flows. The GoF test results and values of MPIs indicate the WB2 is better suited distribution for estimation of low-flows at Neeleswaram site. Low-flow frequency curves using LN2 and WB2 distributions are developed and presented in the paper.

References

[1]. Ahn, T. J., Lyu, H. J., Yo, W. S., & Park, J. E. (1998). Frequency analysis of low flows at gaged points of the Ansung stream. KSCE Journal of Civil Engineering, 2(1), 23-33.

[2]. Ang, H. S., & Tang, H. W., (1984). Probability Concepts in Engineering Planning and Design. M/s John Wiley and Sons Publications Limited, USA.

[3]. Arora K., & Singh, V. P., (1987). On statistical intercomparison of EV1 estimators by Monte Carlo simulation. Advances in Water Resources, 10(2), 87-107.

[4]. Bowers, M.C., Tung, W.W., & Gao, J.B., (2012). On the distributions of seasonal river flows: Lognormal or power law? Water Resources Research, 48, Paper ID. W05536, 1- 12.

[5]. D'Agostino, R. B. & Stephens, M. A. (1986). Goodnessof- Fit Techniques. M/s Marcel Dekkar Inc., New York 10016, USA.

[6]. Durrans, S.R. (1996). Low-flow analysis with a conditional Weibull tail model. Water Resources Research, 32(6), 1749–1760.

[7]. Gotvald, A.J., (2017). Methods for estimating selected low-flow frequency statistics and mean annual flow for ungaged locations on streams in North Georgia. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017– 5001.

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[10]. Lee, K. S., & Kim, S. U. (2008). Identification of uncertainty in low-flow frequency analysis using Bayesian MCMC method. Journal of Hydrological Processes, 22(12), 1949–1964.

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[12]. Önöz, B., & Bayazit, M. (2001). Power distribution for low streamflows. Journal of Hydrologic Engineering, 6(5), 429–435.

[13]. Randall, A. D., & Freehafer, D. A., (2017). Estimation of low-flow statistics at ungaged sites on streams in the Lower Hudson River Basin, New York, from data in geographic information systems. U.S. Geological Survey Scientific Investigations Report 2017–5019, 1-42.

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Research Paper

Determination of Adsorption Kinetics for Removal of Copper from Wastewater usingSpent Tea Extract (STE)

Dr. S.V.A.R. Sastry* , Sarva Rao B**

*-** Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous), Vizianagaram, India.

Sastry, S.V.A.R., and Rao, B.S. (2017). Determination of Adsorption Kinetics for Removal of Copper from Wastewater using Spent Tea Extract (STE).i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13629

Abstract

There are many mineral processing industries generating huge amount of effluents containing metals, such as Nickel, Zinc, Lead, Cadmium, Chromium, and Copper. These metals stay over for millions of years and also pollute the water bodies. This work presents the study of the capturing of copper ions from wastewater using Spent Tea Extract (STE). Experiments were piloted to discover the factors influencing adsorption kinetics. Based on the previous work, the following optimum conditions were established: Adsorbent dosage of 0.5 g (in 50 ml solution), pH of 5 and temperature of 30 °C. The adsorption capacity was highest at solution pH 5. The kinetics and adsorption isotherms were studied using pseudo-second order equation, and Langmuir, Freundlich isotherm models. Adsorbent dosage, pH and temperature played a significant role in the rate of adsorption. The percentage removal of Cu(II) was higher initially and reached equilibrium after 30 min. The maximum removal rate for Cu(II) was 59.84%. The examination of kinetics and adsorption isotherm revealed that the sorption experiments fitted well with the pseudo-second order equation and Freundlich isotherm model, respectively.

References

[1]. Abdullah, M. A., Chiang, L. & Nadeem, M. (2009). Comparative evaluation of adsorption kinetics and isotherms of a natural product removal by Amberlite polymeric adsorbents. Chemical Engineering Journal, 146(3), 370-376.

[2]. Amarasinghe, B. M. W. P. K. & Williams, R. A. (2007). Tea waste as a low cost adsorbent for the removal of Cu and Pb from wastewater. Chemical Engineering Journal, 132(1-3), 299-309.

[3]. ASTM E478-08 (2017). Standard Test Methods for Chemical Analysis of Copper Alloys, ASTM International, West Conshohocken, PA, 2017, www.astm.org

[4]. Aydin, H., Bulut, Y., & Yerlikaya, C. (2008). Removal of copper (II) from aqueous solution by adsorption onto lowcost adsorbents. Journal of Environmental Management, 87(1), 37-45.

[5]. Azizian, S. (2004). Kinetic models of sorption: A theoretical analysis. Journal of Colloid and Interface Science, 276(1), 47-52.

[6]. Dada, A. O., Olalekan, A. P., Olatunya, A. M., Dada, &Langmuir, O. (2012). Freundlich, Temkin, and Dubinin– Radushkevich Isotherms studies of equilibrium Sorption of 2+ Zn unto phosphoric acid modified rice husk. J. Appl. Chem., 3(1), 38-45.

[7]. Deng, L., Su, Y., Su, H., Wang, X., & Zhu, X. (2006). Biosorption of copper (II) and lead (II) from aqueous solutions by nonliving green algae Cladophora fascicularis: Equilibrium, Kinetics and Environmental Effects. Adsorption, 12(4), 267-277.

[8]. Dutta B.K. (2009). Principles of Mass Transfer and Separation Processes. Wiley Online Library.

[9]. Febrianto, J., Kosasih, A. N., Sunarso, J., Ju, Y. H., Indraswati, N., & Ismadji, S. (2009). Equilibrium and kinetic studies in adsorption of heavy metals using biosorbent: A summary of recent studies. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 162(2), 616-645.

[10]. Krishnan, K. A., Sreejalekshmi, K. G., Vimexen, V., & Dev, V. V. (2016). Evaluation of adsorption properties of sulphurised activated carbon for the effective and economically viable removal of Zn (II) from aqueous solutions. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 124, 418-425.

[11]. Malkoc E. & Nuhoglu Y. (2007). Potential of tea factory waste for chromium (VI) adsorption from aqueous solutions: Thermodynamic and kinetic studies. Sep. Purif. Technol., 54, 291-298.

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[13]. Sastry, S. V. A. R. & Rao, B. S. (2016). Studies on adsorption of Cu (II) using Spent Tea Extract (STE) from Industrial wastewater. i-manager's Journal of Future Engineering & Technology, 11(3), 1-7.

[14]. Treybal R.E. (1980). Mass Transfer Operations, 3 Edition. McGraw-Hill International Editions. i-

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Research Paper

Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO₂ Nanofluid

M. D. Dalwadi* , H. K. Naik, R. D. Padhiar, S. S. Rana, N. K. Chavda

- UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.

Dalwadi,M.D.,Naik,H.K.,Padhiar,R.D.,Rana,S.S., and Chavda,N.K. (2017). Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO₂. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13630

Abstract

Flat plate collectors are widely used collectors in many domestic and industrial applications to harvest freely available and environmentally safe source of energy, i.e. solar energy. Many researches are carried out to make the system cost effective by reducing the installation cost, increasing the efficiency, etc. The application nanotechnology in the form of various nanofluids as working medium in solar flat plat collectors is a relatively recent trend. Nanofluid exhibits enhanced thermal properties as it is the two phase mixture of solid nanoparticles having less than 100 nm diameter and base fluid, which in turn enhances the thermal performance of the system of application. Few investigations have been reported to evaluate the performance of solar flat plate collector using SiO₂ nanofluid. In the present paper, thermal performance of solar flat plate collector using SiO₂ nanofluid has been experimentally evaluated in terms of efficiency of solar flat plate collector at different volume fractions (0.01% to 0.1%) of SiO₂ nanofluid. It has been experimentally confirmed that outlet temperature and efficiency of solar flat plate increases when SiO₂ nanofluid is used as compared to water upto 0.08% volume fraction and then it decreases. The maximum value of outlet temperature and efficiency of solar flat plate collector obtained for the case of 0.08% volume fraction of SiO₂ nanofluid are 55.78^oC and 52.02%, respectively which are 55.78% and 80.40% higher than water as working fluid.

References

[1]. Alim, M. A., Abdin, Z., Saidur, R., Hepbasli, A., Khairul, M. A., & Rahim, N. A. (2013). Analyses of entropy generation and pressure drop for a conventional flat plate solar collector using different types of metal oxide nanofluids. Energy and Buildings, 66, 289-296.

[2]. ASHRAE Standard 93-86, (2003). Methods of Testing to determine the Thermal Performance of Solar Collectors. ASHRAE: Atlanta.

[3]. Chavda, N. K. (2015). Effect of Nanofluid on Heat Transfer Characteristics of Double Pipe Heat Exchanger: Part-II: Effect of Copper Oxide Nanofluid. International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology, 4(4), 688-697.

[4]. Chol, S. U. S. & Eastman, J. A. (1995). Enhancing thermal conductivity of fluids with nanoparticles. ASMEPublications- Fed, 231, 99-106.

[5]. Faizal, M., Saidur, R., Mekhilef, S., & Alim, M. A. (2013). Energy, economic and environmental analysis of metal oxides nanofluid for flat-plate solar collector. Energy Conversion and Management, 76, 162-168.

[6]. Faizal, M., Saidur, R., Mekhilef, S., Hepbasli, A., & Mahbubul, I. M. (2015). Energy, economic, and environmental analysis of a flat-plate solar collector operated with SiO . Clean Technologies and 2 Environmental Policy, 17(6), 1457-1473.

[7]. Hussein, A. K. (2016). Applications of nanotechnology to improve the performance of solar collectors - Recent advances and overview. Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 62, 767-792.

[8]. Mahian, O., Kianifar, A., Sahin, A. Z., & Wongwises, S. (2014). Performance analysis of a minichannel-based solar collector using different nanofluids. Energy Conversion and Management, 88, 129-138.

[9]. Meibodi, S. S., Kianifar, A., Niazmand, H., Mahian, O., & Wongwises, S. (2015). Experimental investigation on the thermal efficiency and performance characteristics of a flat plate solar collector using SiO /EG–water nanofluids. 2 International Communications in Heat and Mass Transfer, 65, 71-75.

[10]. Noghrehabadi, A. R., Hajidavaloo, E., & Moravej, M. (2016a). Experimental investigation of efficiency of square flat-plate solar collector using SiO /water 2 nanofluid. Case Studies in Thermal Engineering, 8, 378- 386.

[11]. Noghrehabadi, A. R., Hajidavaloo, E., & Moravej, M. (2016b). An experimental investigation on the performance of a symmetric conical solar collector using SiO /water nanofluid. Transport Phenomena Nano Micro 2 Scales, 5(1), 23-29.

i-manager's Journal on Future Engineering and Technology (JFET)

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Volume 12 Issue 4 May - July 2017

Autonomous Vehicles: Safety, Sustainability, and Fuel Efficiency

Faheem Ahmed Malik*

School of Civil Engineering and Geoscience, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, Great Britain.

Malik,F.A. (2017). Autonomous Vehicles: Safety, Sustainability, and Fuel Efficiency. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology,12(4),1-7. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13625

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Tools and Techniques for Conceptual Design in Virtual Reality Environment

Sandeep Gandotra* , Harish Pungotra**

* Research Scholar, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India. ** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

Gandotra,S., and Pungotra,H. (2017). Tools and Techniques for Conceptual Design in Virtual Reality Environment. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 8-19. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13627

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Intercomparison of Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Frequency Analysis

N. Vivekanandan*

Scientist-B, Central Water and Power Research Station, Pune, Maharashtra, India.

Vivekanadan,N. (2017). Intercomparison of Log Normal and Weibull Distributions for Frequency Analysis. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13628

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Determination of Adsorption Kinetics for Removal of Copper from Wastewater usingSpent Tea Extract (STE)

Dr. S.V.A.R. Sastry* , Sarva Rao B**

*-** Faculty, Department of Chemical Engineering, MVGR College of Engineering (Autonomous), Vizianagaram, India.

Sastry, S.V.A.R., and Rao, B.S. (2017). Determination of Adsorption Kinetics for Removal of Copper from Wastewater using Spent Tea Extract (STE).i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 27-32. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13629

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Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO2 Nanofluid

M. D. Dalwadi* , H. K. Naik**, R. D. Padhiar***, S. S. Rana****, N. K. Chavda*****

*-**** UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India. ***** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.

Dalwadi,M.D.,Naik,H.K.,Padhiar,R.D.,Rana,S.S., and Chavda,N.K. (2017). Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO2. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13630

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* Research Scholar, IKG Punjab Technical University, Kapurthala, Punjab, India.

** Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Beant College of Engineering & Technology, Gurdaspur, Punjab, India.

Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO₂ Nanofluid

M. D. Dalwadi* , H. K. Naik, R. D. Padhiar, S. S. Rana, N. K. Chavda

- UG Student, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.

Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, A.D. Patel Institute of Technology, New Vallabh Vidyanagar, Gujarat, India.

Dalwadi,M.D.,Naik,H.K.,Padhiar,R.D.,Rana,S.S., and Chavda,N.K. (2017). Enhancement of Thermal Performance of Solar Flat Plate Collector Using SiO₂. i-manager’s Journal on Future Engineering and Technology, 12(4), 33-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jfet.12.4.13630