Behind the Breakthroughs: The Strategic Rise of Contract Research Organizations in Pharma
Microbial Examination of Water
A Study to Parallel the Anxiety Levels of Subjects with Possessing Homoeopathic Remedy Arsenicum Album 30 as a COVID-19 Preventive and with Devoid Off
Alternative Medicine: Under-Evaluated or Ineffective
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD): A Comprehensive Review of Pathophysiology, Clinical Manifestations, Psychological Impact, and Therapeutic Approaches
The Perspective View about Water Hyacinth as Problem or Resource: A Review
Neem Root Mediated-Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial Activities and Application as Detergent Additive
Susceptibility of Multidrug Resistant Bacteria to Lyophilized Citrus Limon Juice Extract
The Role of Stilbene Phytoalexins in the Resistance Mechanism of Grapevine Against Plasmopara Viticola
Natural Phyto-Constituents as Leishmanicides: A Brief Review of the Most Widely Recommended Phyto Chemicals of the 21st Century and an Account of their Mode of Action
Diversity Assessment of Insect Species in the Kariavattom Campus, University of Kerala
Alternative Medicine: Under-Evaluated or Ineffective
A Comprehensive Analysis of Covid-19: An Overview
Pediatric Drug Formulation
Neem Root Mediated-Biosynthesis of Silver Nanoparticles: Antimicrobial Activities and Application as Detergent Additive
A contract research organization (CRO) works like an employed agent in the healthcare field with consistent information, understanding, and capability to manage and complete duties for the sponsor. The progressive growth and extent of sponsored subcontracting work has made this for-profit money making business in the earlier time. The patient-focused approach in drug discovery is used through balanced data created through CRO's services. This article points out the need to study the evolution and the current flow pattern of the CRO industry, its market size, and statistical reports highlighting the major firms and to discuss the pros and cons of the CROs. And trial and the efficiency to understand the prospects for augmented trial designs and results to reduce development costs.
Water is vital for life on Earth and is one of the most important resources on our planet. Microbial examination of water is essential for assessing its safety and suitability for human consumption. Standard microbiological methods, including total coliform and E. coli detection, were used to assess contamination levels. Results highlight the importance of routine monitoring to ensure water safety and public health protection. This analysis helps in identifying pollution sources and evaluating the effectiveness of water treatment methods. Ensuring microbiological water quality is crucial for preventing waterborne diseases like cholera, Typhoid fever and dysentery and for safeguarding public health.
The emergence of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) led to the global outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). A newly developed antigen panel detected anti-SARS-CoV-2 antibodies within days of symptom onset, achieving over 90% sensitivity and specificity within the first week. Antibody levels remained elevated in patients who required mechanical ventilation. Despite fluctuations in viral load, antibody levels did not significantly vary over the course of the illness. Interestingly, a high concentration of interleukin-10 (IL-10) was associated with a reduced antibody response, suggesting that this cytokine may play a suppressive role in the humoral immune response to COVID-19.This study also aims to assess the anxiety levels in individuals who did and did not receive the homeopathic remedy Arsenicum album 30 during the COVID-19 pandemic. It compares the mental health outcomes between those who were administered the prophylactic and those who were not. Arsenicum album 30, traditionally known in homeopathy for treating anxiety, restlessness, and heightened sensitivity to health-related fears, is being evaluated for its effectiveness in improving psychological well-being during the pandemic.
Alternative medicine is getting more attention as an opportunity to enhance traditional medicine. Although some remedies, including acupuncture, traditional medicine, and conventional healing practices, have proven effective in certain cases, numerous possible alternatives remain underexplored or lack accurate experimental validation. The issue of complete cure is related to the extent to which these methods correlate with evidence-based treatment and adhere to strict standards. According to critics, several alternative medicines rely on informal evidence and lack systematic, objective testing, which raises concerns about effectiveness, safety, and repeatability. In contrast, supporters of traditional and integrative approaches highlight their potential for patient-centered care and their value in education. In addition, there is more attention, but the regulations governing medicine have shifted a lot, making it difficult to practice. The idea of integrated medicine which integrates traditional and alternative therapies, has emerged as a positive model that focuses on the patient and allows for future research. It is important to understand how alternative drugs relate to traditional methods and how various properties can be integrated into modern healthcare. This paper examines the current state of medicine and differentiates between techniques that are backed by research and those that lack substantial support. Additionally, it discusses the ethical issues that lead to its acceptance at every instant.
Polycystic Ovarian Disease (PCOD) is a common endocrine disorder affecting women of reproductive age worldwide. Characterized by hormonal imbalances, metabolic abnormalities, and polycystic ovarian morphology, PCOD is a leading cause of infertility and is associated with numerous systemic and psychological complications. The etiology is multifactorial, involving genetic predisposition, insulin resistance, and environmental influences. Insulin resistance exacerbates hyperandrogenism, disrupting normal follicular development and leading to anovulation. Clinically, PCOD presents with symptoms such as irregular menstruation, excessive facial and body hair, acne, alopecia, obesity, and infertility. Moreover, the disease adversely impacts mental health, contributing to anxiety, depression, and reduced self- esteem. Diagnosis relies on clinical assessment supported by biochemical tests and ultrasound imaging, with the Rotterdam criteria being widely accepted. Untreated PCOD increases the risk of metabolic syndrome, type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and endometrial carcinoma. Management focuses on lifestyle interventions, pharmacotherapy, and assisted reproductive technologies designed to meet patient needs. Emerging treatments such as inositol supplementation and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists show promising results. This review aims to provide a detailed understanding of PCOD's pathophysiology, clinical features, diagnostic approaches, complications, and therapeutic options to facilitate early diagnosis and effective multidisciplinary management.
