Sustainable Nanotechnology for Water Softening: Role of Green-Synthesized Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles in Reducing Total Hardness
Lithium Extraction from Hard Rock Concentrates: A Comprehensive Review of Sulfuric Acid and Potassium Sulfate Roasting Methods
Carbon capture analysis on ternary complexes containing an aminopenicillin drug and imidazole derivatives
Breaking Zeolite Boundaries through Synthesis and Structural Evolution of IPC-9 and IPC-10 via the ADOR Mechanism
Review on cellulose extraction techniques for potential application in hydrogel synthesis
Microwave Assisted Vacuum Drying of Thompson Seedless Grapes: Analysis of Characteristics And Kinetic Modelling
Yeast Recovery in Batch Ethanol Fermentation
Adsorption and Characterization of Anisaldehyde as Corrosion Inhibitor for Aluminium Corrosion in Hydrochloric Acidic Environment
The Repercussion of Leachate from Industries on Water Quality in Jeedimetla Village and its Surroundings, Medchal-Malkajgiri District, Telangana
Studies on Solubility Enhancement of Telmisartan by Adsorption Method
Optimisation of Microfabricated Devices for Neural Circuit Modelling
Exploring the Stability and Synthetic Applications of Chiral Methylmetals in Asymmetric Organic Reactions
Production of Modified Carboxymethyl Cellulose from Sawdust and Wheat Straw
The Role of Educational Software in Chemistry: Teaching a Case Study on Interactive Learning
Sustainable Nanotechnology for Water Softening: Role of Green-Synthesized Cobalt Oxide Nanoparticles in Reducing Total Hardness
Water hardness, primarily caused by the presence of calcium (Ca²⁺) and magnesium (Mg²⁺) ions, presents significant challenges in domestic and industrial water use. Traditional water softening methods often involve chemical treatments that are costly, environmentally harmful, or inefficient. This study explores a sustainable and eco-friendly approach to water softening through the green synthesis of cobalt oxide (Co3O4) nanoparticles. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized using X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) analysis to confirm their morphology, crystalline structure, functional groups, , and surface properties. Batch adsorption experiments were conducted to evaluate the nanoparticles’ efficiency in removing Ca²⁺ and Mg²⁺ ions from artificially and naturally hardened water samples. The effects of contact time, pH, adsorbent dose, and initial ion concentration were systematically studied. Results demonstrated high removal efficiency (>90%) under optimized condition. Furthermore, the material exhibited good reusability over multiple adsorption-desorption cycles with minimal loss in performance. The findings highlight the potential of green-synthesized Co3O4 nanoparticles as a sustainable alternative for water softening applications. This approach not only addresses the issue of water hardness but also supports the development of low-cost, environmentally friendly nanomaterials for water purification technologies.
The rapid increase for lithium demand, driven by its critical role in battery technologies, requires efficient and cost-effective extraction methods from hard rock concentrates like spodumene. This review comprehensively evaluates lithium extraction processes, with a particular focus on sulfuric acid roasting and potassium sulfate roasting methods. Detailed insights into the chemistry, process parameters, environmental impact, and economic feasibility of these techniques are presented. By highlighting the advantages, limitations, and industrial applications of each method, this article provides a framework for optimizing lithium recovery from hard rock concentrates.
The continuous release of carbon dioxide into the atmosphere will definitely cause damage to environment. Environmental protection and reducing global warming are become very essential. The concentration of carbon dioxide in the atmosphere is due to continuous burning of fossil fuel to attain the energy requirements. A novel method of adsorbing the most important greenhouse gas carbon dioxide using some ternary complex materials capable of adsorbing the gases effectively were studied. A ternary complex system with Zn (II) metal ion chelated with ampicillin(A) as primary ligand and imidazole derivates him/hist/his(B) as secondary ligands ZnAB(B=hist/his)/ZnAB2 (B=him) species in all these systems were isolated and the analytical data confirm its formation. Non electrolytic behaviour and monomeric type of chelates have been assessed from their low conductance values. The vibrational spectral data were interpreted to find the mode of binding of ligands to metal. The powder XRD and SEM analysis of the complexes suggest nano crystalline nature. The AFM images of selected complexes suggest meso porous morphology which has higher tendency of adsorbing carbon dioxide gas. The ternary complexes exhibited surface areas ranging from 3.15 to 18.42 m2/g, with pore volumes of 0.004–0.008 cm3/g, and average pore diameters of 5.8–2.6 nm. An excellent carbon dioxide uptake (20–38 wt%) was achieved at high temperature and pressure (303 K and 40 bar, respectively) using the ternary complexes. The ZnAB(B=his) ternary complex material exhibited the highest carbon dioxide uptake (38 wt%) due to its higher surface area and pore volume compared with the other two ternary complexes.
The synthesis of predicted but traditionally unfeasible zeolite frameworks remain a formidable challenge due to kinetic limitations inherent in solvothermal methods. This study presents a successful synthesis of two novel zeolites, IPC-9 and IPC-10, using the ADOR (Assembly–Disassembly–Organization–Reassembly) strategy applied to the layered precursor IPC-1P. The interlamellar space of IPC-1P was modified via controlled intercalation of organic cations such as choline and diethyldimethylammonium, followed by direct condensation and alkoxysilylation to yield IPC-9 and IPC-10, respectively. Structural characterization confirmed the presence of unique odd-member ring systems (10-7 and 12-9), unprecedented in known zeolite frameworks. Surface analysis revealed BET areas of 128 m²/g for IPC-9 and 217 m²/g for IPC-10, affirming their porous nature. High-resolution TEM and Rietveld refinement matched the experimental results to predicted models, validating the targeted topologies. These findings offer direct evidence that theoretical zeolite structures, previously deemed unfeasible due to framework energy and local interatomic distance constraints, can be realized through strategic post-synthetic modifications. This work not only challenges the conventional feasibility criteria but also expands the synthetic scope for future zeolite discovery.
The urgent need for sustainable agricultural inputs has spurred interest in biopolymers such as cellulose-derived hydrogels for slow-release fertilizers (SRFs). This review evaluates different cellulose extraction techniques from corn cobs- an abundantly available agro-waste to assess their potential for hydrogel synthesis. Chemical, physical, biological and combined methods were analyzed, with focus on yield, cellulose purity, structural integrity, and environmental footprint While conventional methods like acid and alkali treatments are effective, they pose significant environmental issues due to use of heavy chemicals. In contrast, methods like microwave-aided and ultrasound-aided chemical extractions, green solvent setups and other combined treatment methods provide hopeful paths toward yielding cellulose possessing good traits for use as hydrogel precursor material.The urgent need for sustainable agricultural inputs has spurred interest in biopolymers such as cellulose-derived hydrogels for slow-release fertilizers (SRFs). This review evaluates different cellulose extraction techniques from corn cobs- an abundantly available agro-waste to assess their potential for hydrogel synthesis. Chemical, physical, biological and combined methods were analyzed, with focus on yield, cellulose purity, structural integrity, and environmental footprint While conventional methods like acid and alkali treatments are effective, they pose significant environmental issues due to use of heavy chemicals. In contrast, methods like microwave-aided and ultrasound-aided chemical extractions, green solvent setups and other combined treatment methods provide hopeful paths toward yielding cellulose possessing good traits for use as hydrogel precursor material.
