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i-manager's Journal on Electrical Engineering (JEE)

Current Issue Vol. 17 Issue 2

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Volume 17 Issue 1 July - September 2023

Research Paper

Optimizing the Integration of Photovoltaic and Wind Energy Systems for Enhanced Efficiency

Nimain Charan Nayak*

Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Misrimal Navajee Munoth Jain Engineering College, Thoraipakkam, Tamil Nadu, India.

Nayak, N. C. (2023). Optimizing the Integration of Photovoltaic and Wind Energy Systems for Enhanced Efficiency. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(1), 1-15. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.1.20197

Abstract

This paper presents a novel integration scheme of solar Photovoltaic (PV) with a large-capacity Doubly Excited Induction Generator (DFIG)-based wind energy system. The proposed scheme leverages both the grid and rotor-side power converters of the DFIG to inject PV power into the grid, eliminating the need for a dedicated converter for PV power processing and offering a cost-effective PV-grid integration solution. The system effectively delivers a substantial amount of PV power to the grid when compared to an equivalent rating inverter used in conventional PV-grid systems. Moreover, the proposed scheme prevents circulating power during sub-synchronous operation in the presence of solar radiation, enhancing overall system efficiency. Additionally, the system's stability benefits from turbine inertia, allowing for higher PV penetration into the power grid. The intermittent complementary nature of solar PV and wind energy sources significantly improves the utilization of the converters. Furthermore, the proposed scheme minimally impacts Maximum Power Point Tracking (MPPT) for PV and wind sources, except in rare environmental glitches, which the PV power control algorithm is adept at handling. The study provides a comprehensive system model used to design the control strategy, supported by analysis, simulations, and experiments conducted on a laboratory prototype.

References

[1]. Abad, G., Lopez, J., Rodriguez, M., Marroyo, L., & Iwanski, G. (2011). Doubly Fed Induction Machine: Modeling and Control for Wind Energy Generation. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.

[2]. Arani, M. F. M., & El-Saadany, E. F. (2012). Implementing virtual inertia in DFIG-based wind power generation. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28(2), 1373-1384.

[3]. Bouzguenda, M., & Rahman, S. (1993). Value analysis of intermittent generation sources from the system operations perspective. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 8(3), 484-490.

[4]. Canova, A., Giaccone, L., Spertino, F., & Tartaglia, M. (2009). Electrical impact of photovoltaic plant in distributed network. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 45(1), 341-347.

[5]. Carrasco, J. M., Franquelo, L. G., Bialasiewicz, J. T., Galván, E., PortilloGuisado, R. C., Prats, M. M., & Moreno-Alfonso, N. (2006). Power-electronic systems for the grid integration of renewable energy sources: A survey. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 53(4), 1002-1016.

[6]. Chen, Y. M., Cheng, C. S., & Wu, H. C. (2006). Gridconnected hybrid PV/wind power generation system with improved DC bus voltage regulation strategy. In Twenty-First Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition. APEC'06. IEEE.

[7]. Da Costa, J. P., Pinheiro, H., Degner, T., & Arnold, G. (2010). Robust controller for DFIGs of grid-connected wind turbines. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 58(9), 4023-4038.

[8]. Daniel, S. A., & Ammasai Gounden, N. (2004). A novel hybrid isolated generating system based on PV fed inverter-assisted wind-driven induction generators. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 19(2), 416-422.

[9]. Dejia, Z., Zhengming, Z., Eltawil, M., & Liqiang, Y. (2008). Design and control of a three-phase gridconnected photovoltaic system with developed maximum power point tracking. In 2008 Twenty-Third Annual IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (pp. 973-979). IEEE.

[10]. Eftekharnejad, S., Vittal, V., Heydt, G. T., Keel, B., & Loehr, J. (2012). Impact of increased penetration of photovoltaic generation on power systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Systems, 28(2), 893-901.

[11]. Jin, N. L., & Jin, Y. (2012). High Efficiency Solar Wind Inverter with Hybrid DC-DC Converter. Patent Application, United States, (pp.1-8).

[12]. Kellogg, W. D., Nehrir, M. H., Venkataramanan, G., & Gerez, V. (1998). Generation unit sizing and cost analysis for stand-alone wind, photovoltaic, and hybrid wind/PV systems. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 13(1), 70-75.

[13]. Liu, C., Blaabjerg, F., Chen, W., & Xu, D. (2011). Stator current harmonic control with resonant controller for doubly fed induction generator. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27(7), 3207-3220.

[14]. Nejabatkhah, F., Danyali, S., Hosseini, S. H., Sabahi, M., & Niapour, S. M. (2011). Modeling and control of a new three-input DC–DC boost converter for hybrid PV/FC/battery power system. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27(5), 2309-2324.

[15]. Nian, H., & Song, Y. (2013). Direct power control of doubly fed induction generator under distorted grid voltage. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29(2), 894-905.

[16]. Ostadi, A., Yazdani, A., & Varma, R. K. (2009). Modeling and stability analysis of a DFIG-based windpower generator interfaced with a series-compensated line. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 24(3), 1504-1514.

[17]. Qu, L., & Qiao, W. (2010). Constant power control of DFIG wind turbines with supercapacitor energy storage. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 47(1), 359-367.

[18]. Tang, X., Deng, W., & Qi, Z. (2008). A Complementary Power Supply System of Wind Power Generation and Photovoltaic Power Generation Based on Super-Capacitor Battery Mixing Energy Storage. Chinese Patent, China.

[19]. Tapia, G., Tapia, A., & Ostolaza, J. X. (2007). Proportional–integral regulator-based approach to wind farm reactive power management for secondary voltage control. IEEE Transactions on Energy Conversion, 22(2), 488-498.

[20]. Xu, H., Hu, J., & He, Y. (2011). Operation of windturbine-driven DFIG systems under distorted grid voltage conditions: Analysis and experimental validations. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27(5), 2354-2366.

[21]. Yao, J., Li, H., Liao, Y., & Chen, Z. (2008). An improved control strategy of limiting the DC-link voltage fluctuation for a doubly fed induction wind generator. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 23(3), 1205-1213.

[22]. Yazdani, A., & Iravani, R. (2010). Voltage-Sourced Converters in Power Systems: Modeling, Control, and Applications. John Wiley & Sons, New Jersey.

[23]. Yazdani, A., Di Fazio, A. R., Ghoddami, H., Russo, M., Kazerani, M., Jatskevich, J., & Martinez, J. A. (2010). Modeling guidelines and a benchmark for power system simulation studies of three-phase single-stage photovoltaic systems. IEEE Transactions on Power Delivery, 26(2), 1247-1264.

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Research Paper

Estimation of Corona Loss in Transmission Line under Different Weather Conditions

Shekhappa G. Ankaliki * , Kartik Wali**

*-** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, SDM College of Engineering and Technology, Belagavi, Karnataka, India.

Ankaliki, S. G., and Wali, K. (2023). Estimation of Corona Loss in Transmission Line under Different Weather Conditions. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(1), 16-21. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.1.20042

Abstract

Electrical energy is transmitted through the electrical network from power generating station to the consumers. For this purpose, the overhead transmission line is used through which bulk power can be transferred. The conventional electrical network transmits the energy with power loss. The reason for the power loss is due to inherent characteristic of the transmission line and corona discharge which affects the performance of the transmission line. In this work, performance analysis of overhead transmission line is analyzed by developed MATLAB code and tested for different weather (fair and stormy) conditions by using peek's formula.

References

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[2]. Elganai, A. M. (2019). The corona effect on high voltage transmission lines. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research, 8, 29-31.

[3]. Elganai, A. M. (2019). The corona effect on high voltage transmission lines. International Journal of Scientific Engineering and Technology Research, 8, 29-31.

[4]. Ersoy, A., & Kuntman, A. (2015). An Experimental Study on Corona Losses in Conductors. Journal on Electronics and Electrical Engineering, 3(1), 352-354.

[5]. Ghosh, S., Ahmed, N., & Banerjee, S. (2018, December). Impact of weather (Fog) on corona loss and its geographical variation within eastern region. In 2018 20th National Power Systems Conference (NPSC) (pp. 1-6). IEEE.

[6]. Komolafe, O. M., & Udofia, K. M. (2020). Review of electrical energy losses in Nigeria. Nigerian Journal of Technology, 39(1), 246-254.

[7]. Kumar, A. S. H. O. K. (2013). Corona Effect on Transmission Lines. International Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering Research (IJEEER), 3(5), 133-136.

[8]. Llamo Laborí, H. S., & Santos Fuentefria, A. (2022). A new method to calculate corona losses for active conductors considering real transmission line unbalance. The Journal of Engineering, 2022(7), 725-731.

[9]. Mehta, V. K., & Mehta, R. (2005). Principles of Power System: Including Generation, Transmission, Distribution, Switchgear and Protection: for BE/B. Tech., AMIE and Other Engineering Examinations. S. Chand Publishing.

[10]. Ogar, V. N., Bendor, S. A., & James, A. E. (2017). Analysis of corona effect on transmission line. American Journal of Engineering Research (AJER), 6, 75-87.

[11]. Omeje, C. O. (2020). Corona Loss Minimization on High Voltage Transmission Line Network using Bundled Conductors. The International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology, 9, 887-891.

[12]. Sahu, S., Swain, S. D., Ray, P. K., & Puhan, P. S. (2019). Modelling of transmisson line with estimation of corona loss. i-manager's Journal on Power Systems Engineering, 7(1), 43-50.

[13]. Shaikh, S., Arif, A., & Aman, M. M. (2023). Estimation of Technical Losses on Transmission Systems Using a Neural Network Prognosis Algorithm (NNPA). Engineering Proceedings, 46(1), 25.

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Research Paper

Integrated Differential Power Processing Converters for PV Systems

E. Vargil Kumar* , R. Koti Babu**

* Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchiacherla, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Kumar, E. V., and Babu, R. K. (2023). Integrated Differential Power Processing Converters for PV Systems. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(1), 22-33. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.1.20226

Abstract

Nowadays the growth of Module Integrated Converters (MIC) concept is increasing. This concept was developed for PV applications to improve the efficiency of the converters. In this paper we propose a submodule MPP tracking algorithm to track the maximum power from the partially shaded cells. Generally, PV module have three submodules. Each submodule is formed by series connection of two strings. Here we take a different P&O algorithm for each submodule to track maximum power from the all three submodules. Each submodule will have their own DC-DC converter. In DC stage, DC-DC converters are connected in three configurations to serve sufficient energy to inverter for single phase grid connected systems.

References

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Research Paper

Comparison of Various Controller Tuning for Frequency Stability in Hybrid Microgrid System

Mahesh Singh* , Ashna Sonwane**

*-** Department of Electrical Engineering, Shri Shankaracharya Technical Campus, Bhilai, Chhattishgarh, India.

Singh, M., and Sonwane, A. (2023). Comparison of Various Controller Tuning for Frequency Stability in Hybrid Microgrid System. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(1), 34-44. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.1.20232

Abstract

The growing integration of renewable energy sources in hybrid microgrid systems necessitates effective frequency stability controllers. This paper presents a thorough comparison of Cuckoo Search Optimization (CSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), and Proportional-Integral-Derivative (PID) controllers in a realistic 20 kW hybrid microgrid environment. Through meticulous simulations, tuning parameters for each method are fine-tuned for optimal performance. The study quantitatively evaluates critical metrics, including lagging time, overshoot, settling time, and steady-state error, providing insights into the strengths and weaknesses of each approach. The paper introduces a percentage improvement analysis, showcasing advancements made by each method. The outcomes serve as a benchmark for practical implementation, aiding in the selection of the most suitable controller tuning method for achieving enhanced frequency stability in hybrid microgrid systems.

References

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[23]. Wang, R., Sun, Q., Hu, W., Xiao, J., Zhang, H., & Wang, P. (2020). Stability-oriented droop coefficients region identification for inverters within weak grid: An impedance-based approach. IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics: Systems, 51(4), 2258-2268.

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Research Paper

Power Transmission System Stability using SSSC Series Facts Device with Heuristic and Hybrid Heuristic Optimization Techniques

R. Siva Subramanyam Reddy*

Department of Electrical Engineering, Srikalahasteeswara Institute of Technology (SKIT), Srikalahasti, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Reddy, S. S. (2023). Power Transmission System Stability using SSSC Series Facts Device with Heuristic and Hybrid Heuristic Optimization Techniques. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(1), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.1.20101

Abstract

This paper presents a hybrid algorithm using a Hybrid Firefly and Particle Swarm Optimization (HFPSO) algorithm to determine the optimal placement of SSSC devices. A multi-objective function is used to increase voltage stability, voltage profile and minimize overall power losses of the transmission system. At first, PSO algorithm is used to find the optimal SSSC location and further more to reduce the power losses and voltage profile enhancement to overcome the sub-optimal operation of existing algorithms. The HFPSO algorithm is used to determine the optimal placement of SSSC series FACTS device and verification of the proposed algorithm was achieved on standard IEEE 14-bus and IEEE 30-bus transmission systems in the MATLAB environment. Comprehensive simulation results of two different cases show that the proposed HFPSO demonstrates significant improvements over other existing algorithms to enhance voltage stability and reducing active and reactive power losses in electrical power transmission systems.

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Power Transmission System Stability using SSSC Series Facts Device with Heuristic and Hybrid Heuristic Optimization Techniques

R. Siva Subramanyam Reddy*

Department of Electrical Engineering, Srikalahasteeswara Institute of Technology (SKIT), Srikalahasti, Andhra Pradesh, India.

Reddy, S. S. (2023). Power Transmission System Stability using SSSC Series Facts Device with Heuristic and Hybrid Heuristic Optimization Techniques. i-manager’s Journal on Electrical Engineering, 17(1), 45-53. https://doi.org/10.26634/jee.17.1.20101

Abstract

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* Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, Gudlavalleru Engineering College, Gudlavalleru, Andhra Pradesh, India.

** Department of Electrical and Electronics Engineering, DVR & Dr. HS MIC College of Technology, Kanchiacherla, Andhra Pradesh, India.