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A Review of Metaheuristic Techniques with Emphasis on BRADO for Solving the N-Queens Puzzle

Vishal Khanna*
Periodicity:July - December'2025

Abstract

This paper talks about using a new algorithm called BRADO to solve the N-Queens problem, which is a well-known puzzle in computer science. BRADO is inspired by how smart people migrate from one country to another — it’s a type of "swarm intelligence" method that works by simulating the behaviour of groups. To solve the N-Queens puzzle, the algorithm uses a cost function that helps it decide which moves are good or bad. It also uses a decision-making method called TOPSIS to fine-tune its settings for better performance. The results show that BRADO works better than other well-known algorithms like Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO), Genetic Algorithm (GA), and a few others. It finds better solutions with fewer conflicts between queens. Overall, this study shows that BRADO is a powerful new tool for solving tricky problems and could be useful in many other areas of artificial intelligence in the future.

Keywords

Brain Drain Optimization Algorithm Metaheuristics N-Queens Problem Swarm Intelligence Optimization Algorithms Combinatorial Optimization

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