Experimental Validation of Fluctuation Theorems under Thermal and Mechanical Driving using Levitated Nanoparticles

Charmine Mentoza*
Department of Applied Physics, Andres Bonifacio College, Dipolog City, Zamboanga del Norte, Philippines.
Periodicity:July - December'2024

Abstract

An experimental investigation was done on fluctuation theorems in thermally and mechanically driven systems using optically levitated nanoparticles. Using programmable feedback cooling in a hollow-core photonic crystal fiber trap allows for accurate control of the mechanical potential and the thermal conditions around a single trapped particle. This setup enables fast driving protocols far from equilibrium, where classical linear response theories fail. The Williams- Searles-Evans (WSE) equality and the generalized Jarzynski equality were experimentally tested and validated under thermal and simultaneous thermal-mechanical driving conditions, respectively. Tested results confirm the applicability of these fluctuation theorems up to two orders of magnitude beyond the quasi-static regime. The derived free energy differences were then benchmarked against equilibrium and linear response expectations, revealing considerable deviations under quick protocols and emphasizing the need for the complete statistical treatment. This work establishes levitated nanoparticles as a versatile platform for probing stochastic thermodynamics in extreme regimes.

Keywords

Fluctuation Theorems, Non-equilibrium Thermodynamics, Optical Trapping, Levitated Systems, Experimental Statistical Mechanics.

How to Cite this Article?

Mentoza, C. (2024). Experimental Validation of Fluctuation Theorems under Thermal and Mechanical Driving using Levitated Nanoparticles. i-manager’s Journal on Physical Sciences, 3(2), 21-32.

References

[2]. Callen, H. B. (1985). Thermodynamics and an Introduction to Thermostatistics. Wiley.
[6]. Huang, K. (1987). Statistical Mechanics. Wiley.
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