JAK Inhibitors in Autoimmune Diseases: Efficacy, Safety and Clinical Placement
Integrating Wearable Biosensors in Preventive Pharmacology: A New Horizon in Patient Monitoring
An Overview on Brain Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
Effects of Micro-and-Nano Plastics on Various Organ Systems in Health
A Case of Short Segment Hirschsprung's Disease with Chronic Constipation, Severe Anaemia, and Vitamin D Deficiency in a 1-Year-Old Child: Diagnosis and Management Based on IAP Guidelines
Advertising and Marketing within the Pharmaceutical industry: Navigating ethical and regulatory-demanding situations
Efficacy Expectations and Adherence: Evidence of Consumer Biases and Heuristics in Pharmaceutical Marketing
A Review Based on the Synthesis of Isoniazid Derivatives and their Pharmacological Activities
Onychomycosis: An Updated Review
Complementary and Alternative Medicine
An Overview on Brain Targeted Drug Delivery Systems
A Review on Rotavirus Infection
Integrating Wearable Biosensors in Preventive Pharmacology: A New Horizon in Patient Monitoring
Effects of Micro-and-Nano Plastics on Various Organ Systems in Health
Efficacy Expectations and Adherence: Evidence of Consumer Biases and Heuristics in Pharmaceutical Marketing
Janus kinase inhibitors (JAKi) are orally active small molecules that block intracellular JAK–STAT signalling and have transformed treatment of several immune-mediated diseases. This paper summarizes the pharmacology and selectivity of marketed JAKi, evidence of efficacy across major autoimmune indications (rheumatoid arthritis, psoriatic disease, atopic dermatitis, and ulcerative colitis), major safety signals from long-term and large safety trials, regulatory actions, practical monitoring, and how clinicians can position JAKi within contemporary treatment algorithms. Key randomized trials, long-term extension, and safety studies are synthesized to provide balanced clinical guidance.
Preventive pharmacotherapy emphasizes the identification and reduction of illness risks prior to the onset of symptoms. The recent development of wearable biosensors has changed the technique by allowing constant, painless monitoring of biochemical and physiological parameters. This paper explores the integration of wearable biosensors into preventive pharmacology and their transformative potential for patient monitoring. Early detection of drug-related side effects, real-time monitoring of therapeutic effectiveness, and personalized dosage adjustments are among its key applications. The review emphasizes how artificial intelligence (AI), nanotechnology, and digital health ecosystems enable data-driven decision-making and precision pharmacology. Ethical concerns and implementation challenges are also discussed, along with future research directions for integrating biosensors into predictive healthcare systems.
The brain acts as the central processing unit of the human body, coordinating all physiological systems. Delivering drugs to the brain remains a major challenge due to the restrictive nature of the Blood–Brain Barrier (BBB). This review discusses various techniques that facilitate the passage of drugs across the BBB, such as prodrugs, liposomes, nanotechnology, microspheres, polymeric micelles, microemulsions, and dendrimers. These approaches improve the ability of drugs to reach their targeted brain sites effectively. Central Nervous System (CNS) disorders affect over one billion people globally, and one of the greatest challenges in CNS drug development is overcoming the BBB, which limits the entry of most therapeutic agents. This article provides an overview of emerging strategies for brain-targeted delivery, emphasizing nanotechnology-based systems that offer advantages such as reduced side effects, enhanced bioavailability, non-invasive routes, and improved patient compliance.
Microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs), ubiquitous environmental pollutants resulting from the degradation of plastic waste, have emerged as significant concerns for human health. Due to their small size and high surface area- to-volume ratio, these particles can enter the human body through inhalation, ingestion, and dermal contact. Once internalized, MPs and NPs may translocate across biological barriers, accumulate in tissues, and induce toxicological responses across multiple organ systems. This review summarizes current evidence on the effects of MPs and NPs on key organ systems. Experimental and epidemiological data suggest that these particles can trigger oxidative stress, inflammation, immune dysregulation, cellular apoptosis, and even genotoxicity. However, understanding of their long-term health consequences remains limited due to variability in particle characteristics, exposure routes, and study designs.
Hirschsprung's disease (HD) is a structural or functional abnormality that is present at birth characterized by the absence of ganglion cells in the intestinal tract, which leads to bowel obstruction in humans. This case report focuses on a 1-year- old male child presenting with short segment HD, chronic constipation, iron deficiency anemia, vitamin D deficiency, and malnutrition. Diagnosis was confirmed through clinical history, imaging studies, and histopathological confirmation. Treatment was followed by the recommendations of the Indian Academy of Pediatrics (IAP), which include blood transfusion, iron and vitamin D supplementation, dietary management, and preparation for definitive surgical intervention. This case emphasizes the importance of early diagnosis and multidisciplinary care for optimizing outcomes in pediatric patients with HD and associated complications.
