Root Resorption in Orthodontics
CBCT in Orthodontics
A Review of Wegener's Granulomatosis - A Rare Granulomatous Disease
Computerized Cepholometric Surgical Prediction in Orthognathic Surgery with Facad 2d Software
Management of Palatogingival Groove Associated with Localized Periodontitis - A Case Report
Dental Implants and the Growing Patient – A Successful Implant Insertion and Implant Support Prosthesis in a Young Boy
Drug Induced Oral Erythema Multiforme: A Case Report
Comparison of TMA, Stainless Steel and Timolium for Friction, Load Deflection and Surface Characteristics
Evaluation of Diagnostic Accuracy of Ki - 67 (Immunocytochemistry) and AgNOR in Detecting Early Changes in Smokers and Tobacco Chewers.
One Step Apexification "The Apical Barrier Technique”
Maintaining good oral hygiene is very important, especially in children, as it can prevent dental caries that may also affect permanent dentition. When proper oral hygiene is not maintained, children may suffer from pain and recurrent caries, and in rural areas, extraction is often the only treatment performed. Answers to questions concerning the effectiveness of health education tell us whether or not it is worth doing and, if so, what works best under what circumstances. Data from well-designed evaluation studies also play a role in further developing such interventions.A cross-sectional study was implemented in Chennai, Tamil Nadu, involving 640 samples aged 13-16 years. Three schools were selected from Porur block, based on accessibility by vehicles throughout the year, and all five schools in the block had given permission for the workshop. The sample size was calculated from previous study articles, and three schools were selected by random sampling method/lottery method. The study was conducted on 640 primary school children, 320 girls and 320 boys. A self-administered questionnaire was distributed among the class teachers to distribute to the children, and they were also educated with a workshop conducted thrice in a period of two months. The same questionnaires were given to them after the oral health education program to assess improvement.The objective of the study was to predict the effectiveness of health education in preventing dental caries in children using a self-administered questionnaire.
McCune-Albright Syndrome (MAS) is classically defined by the clinical triad of fibrous dysplasia of bone (FD), café-au-lait skin spots, and Precocious Puberty (PP). It is a rare disease with an estimated prevalence between 1/100,000 and 1/1,000,000. FD can involve a single or multiple skeletal sites and presents with a limp and/or pain, and occasionally, a pathologic fracture. Scoliosis is common and may be progressive. In addition to precocious puberty, other hyperfunctioning endocrinopathies may be involved, including hyperthyroidism, growth hormone excess, Cushing syndrome, and renal phosphate wasting. Café-au-lait spots usually appear in the neonatal period, but it is most often precocious puberty or fibrous dysplasia that brings the child to medical attention. Renal involvement is seen in approximately 50% of the patients with MAS.The disease results from somatic mutations of the GNAS gene, specifically mutations in the cAMP regulating protein, Gs alpha. The extent of the disease is determined by the proliferation, migration, and survival of the cell in which the mutation spontaneously occurs during embryonic development. Diagnosis of MAS is usually established on clinical grounds. Plain radiographs are often sufficient to make the diagnosis of Fibrous Dysplasia, and biopsy of Fibrous Dysplastic lesions can confirm the diagnosis.The evaluation of patients with MAS should be guided by knowledge of the spectrum of tissues that may be involved, with specific testing for each. Genetic testing is possible but is not routinely available. Genetic counseling, however, should be offered. Differential diagnoses include Neurofibromatosis, Osteofibrous dysplasia, nonossifying fibromas, idiopathic central precocious puberty, and ovarian neoplasm. Treatment is dictated by the tissues affected and the extent to which they are affected. Generally, for fibrous dysplasia, a "wait and watch" approach is taken until skeletal bone growth stops, after which some form of surgical intervention is recommended. Bisphosphonates are frequently used in the treatment of Fibrous Dysplasia. Stem cell therapy has recently gained popularity as a treatment option for fibrous dysplasia. Strengthening exercises are recommended to help maintain the musculature around the dysplastic bone and minimize the risk for fracture. Treatment of all endocrinopathies is required.Malignancies associated with MAS are distinctly rare occurrences. Malignant transformation of FD lesions occurs in probably less than 1% of the cases of MAS.
The increased use of all-ceramic crowns provides a rationale for tooth-colored cores. The restoration of endodontically treated teeth requires the fabrication of a post and core to provide retention and support for the final crowns. The purpose of this in-vitro study was to evaluate the fracture resistance of endodontically treated teeth restored with three all-ceramic post and core systems: prefabricated zirconia post, milled zirconia post and core, and pressable ceramic post and core of 1.7 mm diameter. Three different methods were used to fabricate all-ceramic post-and-core restorations: pressing IPS Empress cores directly to prefabricated zirconia posts, custom-milled one-piece post-and-core restorations, and pressable ceramic post and core fabricated by the lost wax technique. Ten samples were prepared with each of the three methods. Each specimen was subjected to load-to-fracture in a universal testing machine (Instron model 3345) at a 130-degree angle, and the maximum load at failure was recorded. The highest breaking load was recorded for the prefabricated zirconia group (638.67±0.81), which showed significantly better results compared to the milled zirconia group (415.00±0.89) and the pressable ceramic group (375.00±1.57), respectively. These differences were statistically significant at P<0.05. The prefabricated zirconia post with pressable ceramic core (Cosmo post) exhibited higher fracture resistance, making it the ideal material of choice among the tested groups. The milled zirconia also showed satisfactory results. The pressable ceramic post and core can also be included in prosthodontics for the restoration of anterior teeth. It is comparatively cheap and easily fabricated by the lost wax technique.
Dental fusion is defined as a single, enlarged, or joined tooth in which the tooth count reveals a missing tooth when the anomalous tooth is counted as one. Fusion is more common in primary dentition, and incisors are reported to be found in both primary and permanent dentition, but bilateral fusion is a rare occurrence. Infrequent occurrences of fusion could cause esthetic, spacing, and periodontal problems. Cases with primary double teeth necessitate careful examination as they may be associated with anomalies in the succeeding permanent dentition and require proper treatment planning. The present article highlights the management of bilateral primary fused teeth in a 3-year-old girl, involving primary mandibular right and left central and lateral incisors.
Dental caries is the most widespread oral disease in the world, yet it tends to go untreated in underserved communities. Those who mainly receive extractions when they seek dental care do not receive fillings for cavities when they are able to see a dentist. The World Health Organization actively promotes atraumatic restorative treatment as a viable approach to meet the need for treatment of dental caries. Atraumatic restorative therapy (ART) is an alternative approach for caries management, especially in a primary healthcare center or a camp setup. Atraumatic restorative treatment uses manual excavation of dental caries, which eliminates the need for anesthesia and the use of expensive equipment. It restores the cavity with glass ionomer, an adhesive material that bonds to the tooth structure and releases fluoride as it stimulates re-mineralization. Atraumatic restorative treatment is non-invasive, making it highly acceptable to patients. The following case report presents an atraumatic procedure performed on a nine-year-old child.
