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i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks (JWCN)

Current Issue Vol. 12 Issue 1

5G Wireless Communication Systems: Performance Analysis and Optimization using Massive MIMO Technology
Performance Optimization of 5G NR Technology for Industrial Automation
A Comparative Analysis of SDON and Traditional Optical Networks in Elastic Optical Environments
A Review of Techniques for Minimizing Energy Consumption and Enhancing Lifespan in Wireless Sensor Networks
NodeMCU and Wireless Sensor Networks in Agriculture: A Review of Environmental Parameter Sensing

Most Cited

Volume 11 Issue 1 July - December 2022

Research Paper

Zone-Based Hierarchical Link State for Detecting Malicious Node and Black Hole Attack Detection for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

K. Thamizhmaran* , T. Priyanka**

* Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Bodinayakkanur, Theni, India.

** Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Thamizhmaran, K., and Priyanka, T. (2022). Zone-Based Hierarchical Link State for Detecting Malicious Node and Black Hole Attack Detection for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 11(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.11.1.18949

Abstract

One of the most common types of network attacks involves non-forwardable bandwidth nodes that pretend to be intermediate nodes on the route to certain destinations and drop every packet that subsequently passes through it. This paper proposes attacks through black holes as an analysis method for detecting malicious nodes in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). Because the mechanism and protocol are collaborative, it can confidently analyse and identify malicious hosts. To test the effectiveness of this approach, it uses a hybrid Hierarchical Link State routing protocol based on Modified-ZoneBased Hierarchical Link State Routing Protocol (M-ZHLS) in Network Simulations 2 (NS2) with mobile nodes. As the mobility rate changes and the topology size changes, it can be seen that the detection rate of black holes and malicious nodes is extremely high, the average delay is reduced, and the packet delivery rate is increased compared to the Zone-Based Hierarchical Link State Routing Protocol (ZHLS).

References

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[3]. Deswal, S., & Singh, S. (2010). Implementation of routing security aspects in AODV. International Journal of Computer Theory and Engineering, 2(1), 135-138.

[4]. Hamma, T., Katoh, T., Bista, B. B., & Takata, T. (2006, September). An efficient zhls routing protocol for mobile ad hoc networks. In 17th International Workshop on Database and Expert Systems Applications (DEXA'06), (pp. 66-70). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/DEXA.2006.24

[5]. Krishnamoorthy, T., & Arivazhagan, A. D. (2015, January). Energy efficient routing protocol with ad hoc on-demand distance vector for MANET. In 2015 IEEE 9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2015.7282309

[6]. Mohebi, A., Kamal, E., & Scott, S. (2013). Simulation and Analysis of AODV and DSR Routing Protocol under Black Hole Attack. International Journal of Modern Education & Computer Science, 5(10), 19-26. https://doi.org/10.5815/ijmecs.2013.10.03

[7]. Raj, P. N., & Swadas, P. B. (2009). Dpraodv: A dyanamic learning system against blackhole attack in aodv based manet. International Journal of Computer Science Issues, 2, 54-59. https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.0909.2371

[8]. Ramaswamy, S., Fu, H., Sreekantaradhya, M., Dixon, J., & Nygard, K. E. (2003, June). Prevention of cooperative black hole attack in wireless ad hoc networks. In International Conference on Wireless Networks, 2003, 570-575.

[9]. Saini, A., & Kumar, H. (2010, March). Comparison between various black hole detection techniques in MANET. In National Conference on Computational Instrumentation, Chandigarh, India, (pp. 19-20).

[10]. Singh, R. K., Joshi, R., &Singhal, M. (2013). Analysis of security threats and vulnerabilities in mobile ad hoc network (Manet). International Journal of Computer Applications, 68(4),25-29.

[11]. Thamizhmaran, K., Mahto, R. S. K., &Tripathi, V. S. K. (2012). Performance analysis of secure routing protocols in MANET. International Journal of Advanced Research in Computer and Communication Engineering, 1(9), 651-654.

[12]. Toh, C. K. (2002). Ad Hoc Mobile Wireless Networks: Protocols & Systems. 2nd Edition, Prentice Hall, Inc.

[13]. Yau, P. W., & Mitchell, C. J. (2003, October). Reputation methods for routing security for mobile ad hoc networks. In SympoTIC'03. Joint 1st Workshop on Mobile Future and Symposium on Trends in Communications, (pp. 130-137). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIC.2003.1249106

[14]. Yu, C. W., Wu, T. K., Cheng, R. H., Yu, K. M., & Chang, S. C. (2009). A distributed and cooperative algorithm for the detection and elimination of multiple black hole nodes in ad hoc networks. IEICE Transactions on Communications, 92(2), 483-490. https://doi.org/10.1587/transcom.E92.B.483

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Research Paper

Energy Efficient Quality Routing Protocol for WSNs

A. Charles*

Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Annamalai University, India.

Charles, A. (2022). Energy Efficient Quality Routing Protocol for WSNs. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 11(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.11.1.18935

Abstract

Timely emerging research technology increases the need for real-time applications in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), which has made quality-based communication protocols an interesting and hot research topic. More specifically, network protocols must cope with power constraints while providing accurate quality assurance. In many of these applications, network traffic consists of delay-sensitive traffic and delay-tolerant traffic. Therefore, Quality of Service (QoS) routing becomes an important issue. The main purpose of this idea is to develop a way to improve the quality of the network and further improve throughput while at the same time creating an energy-saving method with excellent quality of service. This paper proposes to model an Energy Efficient Qualitative Routing Protocol (EEQRP) method based on an energy-efficient protocol that can be used to develop a fast, miniaturized, more energetic, and efficient way than existing routing protocols. It evaluates and compares the performance of the routing protocol (EEQRP). The Network Simulator-2 (NS2) is used to run and test the proposed system, which provides lower average latency, greater power savings, and a higher packet delivery rate than the current protocol.

References

[1]. Abdulla, A. E., Nishiyama, H., Yang, J., Ansari, N., & Kato, N. (2012). HYMN: A novel hybrid multi-hop routing algorithm to improve the longevity of WSNs. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 11(7), 2531-2541. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2012.050112.111222

[2]. Ben-Othman, J., & Yahya, B. (2010). Energy efficient and QoS based routing protocol for wireless sensor networks. Journal of Parallel and Distributed Computing, 70(8), 849-857. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpdc.2010.02.010

[3]. Castillo-Effer, M., Quintela, D. H., Moreno, W., Jordan, R., & Westhoff, W. (2004, November). Wireless sensor networks for flash-flood alerting. In Proceedings of the Fifth IEEE International Caracas Conference on Devices, Circuits and Systems,2004. 1, 142-146. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCDCS.2004.1393370

[4]. Dogra, R., Rani, S., Babbar, H., & Krah, D. (2022). Energy-efficient routing protocol for next-generation application in the internet of things and wireless sensor networks. Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing, 2022. https://doi.org/10.1155/2022/8006751

[5]. Estrin, D. (2002, September). Wireless sensor networks tutorial part IV: sensor network protocols. In Proc. Mobicom, (pp. 23-28).

[6]. Han, Z., Wu, J., Zhang, J., Liu, L., &Tian, K. (2014). A general self-organized tree-based energy-balance routing protocol for wireless sensor network. IEEE Transactions on Nuclear Science, 61(2), 732-740. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNS.2014.2309351

[7]. Kar, K., Kodialam, M., Lakshman, T. V., &Tassiulas, L. (2003, March). Routing for network capacity maximization in energy-constrained ad-hoc networks. In IEEE INFOCOM 2003. Twenty-second Annual Joint Conference of the IEEE Computer and Communications Societies (IEEE Cat. No. 03CH37428), 1, 673-681. IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ INFCOM.2003.1208717

[8]. Kim, J., Lin, X., Shroff, N. B., & Sinha, P. (2009). Minimizing delay and maximizing lifetime for wireless sensor networks with anycast. IEEE/ACM Transactions on Networking, 18(2), 515-528. https://doi.org/10.1109/TNET.2009.2032294

[9]. Pantazis, N. A., Nikolidakis, S. A., & Vergados, D. D. (2012). Energy-efficient routing protocols in wireless sensor networks: A survey. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 15(2), 551-591. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2012.062612.00084

[10]. Parikh, S., Vokkarane, V. M., Xing, L., & Kasilingam, D. (2007, August). Node-replacement policies to maintain threshold-coverage in wireless sensor networks. In 2007, 16th International Conference on Computer Communications and Networks, (pp. 760-765). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICCCN.2007.4317909

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[12]. Shafiullah, G. M., Azad, S. A., & Ali, A. S. (2013). Energy-efficient wireless MAC protocols for railway monitoring applications. IEEE Transactions on Intelligent Transportation Systems, 14(2), 649-659. https://doi.org/10.1109/TITS.2012.2227315

[13]. Simon, G., Maróti, M., Lédeczi, Á.,Balogh, G., Kusy, B., Nádas, A., ... & Frampton, K. (2004, November). Sensor network-based countersniper system. In Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Embedded Networked Sensor Systems, (pp. 1-12). https://doi.org/10.1145/1031495.1031497

[14]. Sudevalayam, S., & Kulkarni, P. (2010). Energy harvesting sensor nodes: Survey and implications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 13(3), 443-461. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2011.060710.00094

[15]. Tong, B., Wang, G., Zhang, W., & Wang, C. (2011). Node reclamation and replacement for long-lived sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 22(9), 1550-1563. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2011.25

[16]. Wei, C., Zhi, C., Fan, P., & Letaief, K. B. (2009). AsOR: An energy efficient multi-hop opportunistic routing protocol for wireless sensor networks over Rayleigh fading channels. IEEE Transactions on Wireless Communications, 8(5), 2452-2463. https://doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2009.071388

[17]. Weng, C. E., & Lai, T. W. (2013). An energy-efficient routing algorithm based on relative identification and direction for wireless sensor networks. Wireless Personal Communications, 69(1), 253-268. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11277-012-0571-0

[18]. Yoo, H., Shim, M., & Kim, D. (2012). Dynamic dutycycle scheduling schemes for energy-harvesting wireless sensor networks. IEEE Communications Letters, 16(2), 202-204. https://doi.org/10.1109/LCOMM.2011.120211.111501

[19]. Yu, S., & Park, Y. (2020). SLUA-WSN: Secure and lightweight three-factor-based user authentication protocol for wireless sensor networks. Sensors, 20(15), 4143. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20154143

[20]. Zhao, H., Li, Y., Shen, J., Zhang, M., Zheng, R., & Wu, Q. (2013). A new secure geographical routing protocol based on location pairwise keys in wireless sensor networks. International Journal of Computer Science Issues (IJCSI), 10(2), 365-372.

[21]. Zhao, Y., Wu, J., Li, F., & Lu, S. (2011). On maximizing the lifetime of wireless sensor networks using virtual backbone scheduling. IEEE Transactions on Parallel and Distributed Systems, 23(8), 1528-1535. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPDS.2011.305

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Research Paper

Energy-Efficient Dynamic Wireless Communication for Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks using Hybrid Cryptography-Based Acknowledgement Method

T. Priyanka*

Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Priyanka, T. (2022). Energy-Efficient Dynamic Wireless Communication for Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks using Hybrid Cryptography-Based Acknowledgement Method. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 11(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.11.1.18948

Abstract

Energy efficiency continues to be a key factor limiting the ability to deploy ad-hoc networks. Deploying an energyefficient system that maximizes network lifetime has been a major challenge for many years. Many algorithms have been proposed to solve this problem. This paper proposes a new intrusion detection system—Enhanced Adaptive 3 Acknowledgment (EA3ACK)—using the Energy Efficiency Dynamic State (EEDS) algorithm. This algorithm is designed to increase network lifetime and residual energy by constantly monitoring individual nodes in the network, thereby improving the network's quality of service. The Network Simulator (NS2) is used to implement and test the proposed system.

References

[1]. Ahmed, T., Chaudhary, M., Kaleem, M., &Nazir, S. (2016, December). Optimized depth-based routing protocol for underwater wireless sensor networks. In 2016, International Conference on Open Source Systems & Technologies (ICOSST), (pp. 147-150). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOSST.2016.7838592

[2]. Datatracker. (n.d.). Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks (MANET). Retrieved from https://datatracker.ietf.org/wg/manet/about/

[3]. Frodigh, M., Johansson, P., & Larsson, P. (2000). Wireless ad hoc networking: the art of networking without a network. Ericsson Review, 4(4), 248-263.

[4]. Javaid, N., Ejaz, M., Abdul, W., Alamri, A., Almogren, A., Niaz, I. A., & Guizani, N. (2017). Cooperative position aware mobility pattern of AUVs for avoiding void zones in underwater WSNs. Sensors, 17(3), 580. https://doi.org/10.3390/s17030580

[5]. Johnson, D. B., & Maltz, D. A. (1996). Dynamic source routing in ad hoc wireless networks. In Mobile Computing, (pp. 153-181). https://doi.org/10.1007/978-0-585-29603-6_5

[6]. Lee, J. S. (2008). A Petri net design of command filters for semiautonomous mobile sensor networks. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 55(4), 1835-1841. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2007.911926

[7]. Liu, K., Deng, J., Varshney, P. K., &Balakrishnan, K. (2007). An acknowledgment-based approach for the detection of routing misbehavior in MANETs. IEEE Transactions on Mobile Computing, 6(5), 536-550. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMC.2007.1036

[8]. Marti, S., Giuli, T. J., Lai, K., & Baker, M. (2000, August). Mitigating routing misbehavior in mobile ad hoc networks. In Proceedings of the 6th Annual International Conference on Mobile Computing and Networking, (pp. 255-265). https://doi.org/10.1145/345910.345955

[9]. Patcha, A., & Mishra, A. (2003, August). Collaborative security architecture for black hole attack prevention in mobile ad hoc networks. In Radio and Wireless Conference, 2003. RAWCON'03. Proceedings, (pp. 75-78). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/RAWCON.2003.1227896

[10]. Royer, E. M., & Toh, C. K. (1999). A review of current routing protocols for ad hoc mobile wireless networks. IEEE Personal Communications, 6(2), 46-55. https://doi.org/10.1109/98.760423

[11]. Shakshuki, E. M., Kang, N., &Sheltami, T. R. (2013). EAACK-a secure intrusion-detection system for MANETs. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60(3), 1089-1098. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2012.2196010

[12]. Sun, B. (2003). Intrusion Detection in Mobile Ad Hoc Networks. (Doctoral dissertation, Texas A&M University. Texas A&M University).

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Research Paper

Secure Dynamic Wireless Communication in MANET

V. Rajesh Kannan *

Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kannan, V. R. (2022). Secure Dynamic Wireless Communication in MANET. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 11(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.11.1.18936

Abstract

Due to the mobility of the nodes, the topology often changes, causing the link to fail. Lack of infrastructure support and limited resources are the main causes of dishonest and uncooperative nodes, and in finding a route to a destination and opening new routes. As a result of the frequent discovery, there is large network congestion that occurs. Multipath routing protocols are designed to find multiple routes to a target, and switch to a backup secondary path if the primary route is violated to avoid this. These protocols also provide better routing performance and security. This paper examines two ondemand MANET protocols, a Trusted Secure Dynamic Source Routing (TS-DSR) and a Modified Trusted Secure Dynamic Source Routing (MTS-DSR), as well as a mechanism for gateway discovery on demand.

References

[1]. Arivazhagan, A., & Thamizhmaran, K. (2015). Performance comparison of proactive and reactive routing protocol under wormhole for MANET. International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, 10(46), 32193-32198.

[2]. Baliga, J., Ayre, R., Hinton, K., & Tucker, R. S. (2011). Energy consumption in wired and wireless access networks. IEEE Communications Magazine, 49(6), 70-77. https://doi.org/10.1109/MCOM.2011.5783987

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[4]. Clausen, T., & Jacquet, P. (2003). Optimized Link State Routing Protocol (OLSR) (No. rfc3626). Retrieved from https://www.rfc-editor.org/rfc/rfc3626

[5]. Feng, D., Jiang, C., Lim, G., Cimini, L. J., Feng, G., & Li, G. Y. (2012). A survey of energy-efficient wireless communications. IEEE Communications Surveys & Tutorials, 15(1), 167-178. https://doi.org/10.1109/SURV.2012.020212.00049

[6]. Kargl, F., Geis, A., Schlott, S., & Weber, M. (2005, Januar y). Secure dynamic source routing. In Proceedings of the 38th Annual Hawaii International Conference on System Sciences, (pp. 320c-320c). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/HICSS.2005.531

[7]. Krishnamoorthy, T., & Arivazhagan, A. D. (2015, January). Energy efficient routing protocol with ad hoc on-demand distance vector for MANET. In 2015. IEEE 9th International Conference on Intelligent Systems and Control (ISCO), (pp. 1-6). IEEE. https://doi.org/10.1109/ISCO.2015.7282309

[8]. Lee, C. C. (2020). Security and privacy in wireless sensor networks: Advances and challenges. Sensors, 20(3), 744. https://doi.org/10.3390/s20030744

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Review Paper

A Review on Nature Inspired Artificial Bee Colony in Wireless Sensor Networks and Future Enhancements

M. Shiny*

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, DMI College of Engineering, Aralvaimozhi, Tamil Nadu, India.

Shiny, M. (2022). A Review on Nature Inspired Artificial Bee Colony in Wireless Sensor Networks and Future Enhancements. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 11(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.11.1.19115

Abstract

Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) have expanded significantly over the past few decades as a result of recent developments in Wireless Communication technologies. Many innovative architectures, protocols, algorithms, and applications have been proposed and implemented. Routing protocols that directly affect the lifetime of a network have a significant impact on the efficiency of these networks. One of the most commonly used and preferred methods for routing operations is Clustering. Swarm Optimization techniques such as the Nature inspired Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm have been successfully used to solve a variety of Optimization problems in Wireless Sensor Networks. The ABC algorithm is discussed in this paper, along with its various applications, and some improvements to the ABC algorithm are also reviewed.

References

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[30]. Zhong, Y., Lin, J., Ning, J., & Lin, X. (2011, July). Hybrid artificial bee colony algorithm with chemotaxis behavior of bacterial foraging optimization algorithm. In 2011, Seventh International Conference on Natural Computation, 2, 1171-1174. https://doi.org/10.1109/ICNC.2011.6022147

i-manager's Journal on Wireless Communication Networks (JWCN)

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Volume 11 Issue 1 July - December 2022

Zone-Based Hierarchical Link State for Detecting Malicious Node and Black Hole Attack Detection for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks

K. Thamizhmaran* , T. Priyanka**

* Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Bodinayakkanur, Theni, India. ** Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Thamizhmaran, K., and Priyanka, T. (2022). Zone-Based Hierarchical Link State for Detecting Malicious Node and Black Hole Attack Detection for Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 11(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.11.1.18949

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Energy Efficient Quality Routing Protocol for WSNs

A. Charles*

Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Annamalai University, India.

Charles, A. (2022). Energy Efficient Quality Routing Protocol for WSNs. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 11(1), 9-16. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.11.1.18935

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Energy-Efficient Dynamic Wireless Communication for Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks using Hybrid Cryptography-Based Acknowledgement Method

T. Priyanka*

Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.

Priyanka, T. (2022). Energy-Efficient Dynamic Wireless Communication for Wireless Mobile Ad-hoc Networks using Hybrid Cryptography-Based Acknowledgement Method. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 11(1), 17-25. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.11.1.18948

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Secure Dynamic Wireless Communication in MANET

V. Rajesh Kannan *

Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Annamalai University, Tamil Nadu, India.

Kannan, V. R. (2022). Secure Dynamic Wireless Communication in MANET. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 11(1), 26-31. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.11.1.18936

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A Review on Nature Inspired Artificial Bee Colony in Wireless Sensor Networks and Future Enhancements

M. Shiny*

Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering, DMI College of Engineering, Aralvaimozhi, Tamil Nadu, India.

Shiny, M. (2022). A Review on Nature Inspired Artificial Bee Colony in Wireless Sensor Networks and Future Enhancements. i-manager’s Journal on Wireless Communication Networks, 11(1), 32-40. https://doi.org/10.26634/jwcn.11.1.19115

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* Department of Electronics and Communications Engineering, Government College of Engineering, Bodinayakkanur, Theni, India.

** Department of Electrical Communication Engineering, Annamalai University, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India.