A Hybrid Digital Shield: An Integrated Cellular-CCTV Contact Tracing in Zimbabwe and Other Resource-Constrained Settings
Amplifier-Driven Signal Strength Enhancement in WDM Optical Fiber Communication
Design and Simulation of a Microstrip Patch Antenna Operating from 2 GHz to 6 GHz for UAV Applications
Design and Analysis of Various Digital Modulation Schemes using Free Space Optics
Intrusion Detection Systems in Smart Grids: A Review-Based Study
Cognitive Radio Simulator for Mobile Networks: Design and Implementation
Reduced End-To-End Delay for Manets using SHSP-EA3ACK Algorithm
Light Fidelity Design for Audio Transmission Using Light Dependent Resistor
Dynamic Digital Parking System
Performance Analysis of Multi User Transmit Antenna Selection Systems over TWDP Fading Channels
Comparison of Wavelet Transforms For Denoising And Analysis Of PCG Signal
Video Shot Boundary Detection – Comparison of Color Histogram and Gist Method
Curvelets with New Quantizer for Image Compression
Comparison of Hybrid Diversity Systems Over Rayleigh Fading Channel
Design of Close Loop Dual-Band BPF Using CascadedOpen Loop Triangular Ring Resonator Loaded With Open Stubs
The COVID-19 pandemic exposed structural weaknesses in Zimbabwe's contact tracing systems, particularly in identifying infected individuals and managing quarantine compliance. This study evaluates the feasibility of integrating cellular network triangulation and Closed-Circuit Television (CCTV) systems to enhance digital contact tracing in low- resource settings. A sequential mixed-methods approach was employed, combining technical simulations using MATLAB with stakeholder interviews involving telecom engineers, police officers, and academic specialists. Quantitative assessments demonstrated that cellular triangulation achieved an average positional accuracy of 91 percent in urban areas, while AI-assisted CCTV systems provided up to 85 percent tracking precision under optimized lighting conditions. Simulation results confirmed that integrating cellular and CCTV data improved overall tracing accuracy from 78.1 percent to 85.2 percent, validating the operational feasibility of a hybrid system. Qualitative insights underscored the necessity of legal reform, data privacy safeguards, and public trust to ensure ethical implementation. The study concludes that Zimbabwe possesses the infrastructural and technical capacity to operationalize an integrated digital tracing framework, provided it is supported by robust governance, privacy legislation, and community engagement. This research contributes an adaptable model for ethically grounded, real-time epidemic surveillance in resource-constrained environments.
Modern telecommunication systems rely on optical fiber connections with strong signals to send data quickly and efficiently. This work examines the influence of optical amplifier configurations on signal integrity in WDM (wavelength division multiplexing) communication systems. Performance evaluation examines variations in the Q-factor and the BER (bit error rate) of APDs (avalanche photodiodes) and PIN (positive-intrinsic-negative) photodiodes inside optical amplification frameworks. The simulation study showed how the signal changed as the operating circumstances changed. APD diodes have a better Q-factor and BER than PIN diodes because they are more sensitive and have better internal gain performance. Optical amplification makes the system work better because it makes signals stronger, which lowers BER and eventually makes the system work well. According to studies, WDM networks using APD diodes and amplification have better optical signal quality. Researchers use empirical data to enhance benchmarks for high-speed fiber-optic communication network optical receivers.
This study presents the design and simulation of a microstrip patch antenna operating within the frequency range of 2 GHz to 6 GHz, suitable for Unmanned Aerial Vehicle (UAV) communication systems. The antenna is modelled using CST Microwave Studio and comprises an FR-4 lossy substrate with a thickness of 1.6 mm, a rectangular patch of 14.17 mm × 10.50 mm, and a feed line of 3.137 mm × 14.56 mm for 50-ohm impedance matching. The ground plane measures 40 mm × 15 mm × 0.035 mm. Simulation results demonstrate favourable S-parameters with S11 < -10 dB across the desired frequency band, indicating good impedance matching and return loss. Additionally, the Z (impedance) and Y (admittance) matrices confirm proper antenna behaviour. The design shows high radiation and total efficiency, and far-field analysis confirms directional radiation patterns with appreciable gain, making the antenna well-suited for UAV communication.
High-speed data transmission through secure and dependable means is the direction in which Optical Wireless Communication (OWC) technology rapidly develops. The research develops a simulated OWC system based on QPSK, DPSK, and QAM modulation, which focuses on Q-factor optimization and BER reduction through photodetector evaluation of PIN and APD. The simulation data shows QAM along with a PIN photodiode produces improved performance through elevated Q-factor levels along with reduced BER, thus delivering better results than DPSK and QPSK systems that utilize APD photo detection. The avalanche multiplication property in APD diodes leads to higher gain yet produces excessive noise, which reduces system performance quality. The signal stability is improved significantly because PIN diodes produce lower noise when using QAM. Research confirms that QAM-PIN diodes provide the most effective solution for high-speed OWC operations. The simulation is performed in OptiSystem software with channel attenuation parameters adjusted to represent various seawater conditions.
The fast installation and rising complexity of smart grids brought immense cyber security problems with more than 50% of cyber-attacks on the energy sector now focusing on grid infrastructures, these systems have become a top priority to protect. IDSs play a vital role in detecting and containing malicious activities prior to having an effect on grid operations. This review paper offers an exhaustive examination of IDS techniques tailored for smart grid systems. The study follows the development of IDSs from conventional signature-based techniques, providing 70–80% detection rates, to sophisticated machine learning (ML) and artificial intelligence (AI)-driven techniques. These latest techniques have delivered detection rates of up to 98%, with a reduction in false positives of 30–40% in test environments. Hybrid IDS models that integrate automated learning and human knowledge have demonstrated further enhancements in adaptability and response to threats. IDS architectures are compared based on accuracy, scalability, power efficiency, and real-time response, with current systems operating at 8–10 W power for edge deployment and under 1-second latency. Moreover, the paper discusses the legal and ethical consequences of intrusion detection, with emphasis on the balance between robust security features and user privacy, especially within regulatory schemes like GDPR. Upcoming directions in IDS development are to incorporate block chain for safe and tamper-proof logging, embracing federated learning for privacy-preserving model training, and creating adaptive, multi-layer detection frameworks to improve robustness against constantly evolving and advanced cyber-physical attacks.
