Most people now agree that the biggest threat facing humanity in the twenty-first century is climate change. Vulnerability to the impacts of climate change remains a critical issue in the interaction of society with global environmental change. This article provides a review of recent scientific literature of climate change vulnerability assessment with emphasis on the theoretical foundation and the use of remote sensing. Relevant articles were sourced from electronic academic databases. The articles were subjected to a primary screening based on the titles and abstracts. Also, the literature was selected following the predefined criteria –vulnerability assessments which have followed the remote sensing method, or other specific methodologies. In the result, the meaning of vulnerability is presented in both general and climate change contexts. This was followed by the presentation of social, economic, and physical vulnerabilities. Furthermore, we reviewed the climate change vulnerability assessment and specifically treated the remote sensing vulnerability assessment. We discovered that the application of the remote sensing technology for assessment of vulnerability to climate change is a research priority of critical importance for landscape-scale efforts to prioritize conservation and management of ecosystems.